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Objective:To study the value of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) combined with coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, 96 confirmed or suspective CAD patients (65 males, 31 females; age: 30-81 years) who completed rest/stress MPI, CFR and CACS defection in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Coronary angiography (CAG) was used as the diagnostic standard to calculate the sensitivity and accuracy of MPI, CFR and MPI/CFR combined with CACS in the diagnosis of CAD. The χ2 test was used to compare the diagnostic efficiency of different methods. Results:The diagnostic sensitivity of MPI was 76.06%(54/71), and the accuracy was 75.00%(72/96), while the sensitivity increased to 97.18%(69/71; χ2=13.67, P<0.001) and the accuracy increased to 87.50%(84/96; χ2=4.92, P=0.020) with significant differences after combined with CACS. The sensitivity and accuracy of CFR were 91.55%(65/71)and 87.50%(84/96), which increased to 97.18%(69/71; χ2=2.12, P=0.137) and 89.58%(86/96; χ2=0.21, P=0.411) with no significant differences after combined with CACS. The sensitivity of MPI in the diagnosis of three-vessel CAD was 70.00%(21/30), which increased to 100%(30/30; χ2=7.75, P=0.004) after combined with CACS; while the sensitivity of MPI combined with CACS in the diagnosis of single-vessel and double-vessel CAD were not significantly improved ( χ2 values: 3.29, 1.51, P values: 0.114, 0.416). Conclusion:The combination of MPI and CACS can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of CAD, contributed by the improvement of the diagnostic sensitivity in three-vessel disease; whereas the diagnostic efficiency of CFR for CAD is not significantly improved after combined with CACS.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational hazards of enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen in 2017. Methods Occupational hazards were analyzed in 200 enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City selected using stratified Results random sampling method. A total of 24 industries were involved in the 200 enterprises. The declaration rate of ， occupational hazards was 91.5% and the exposure rate of occupational hazards among workers was 49.2%. The regular monitoring rate of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of the enterprises was 79.5%. There were 129 kinds of occupational ， ， hazard factors of which 19 factors exceeded the national occupational exposure limit accounting for 14.7%. The over standard ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， rates of noise silica dust cotton dust methanol toluene and other dust were 28.7% 13.6% 11.8% 5.86% 0.5% and ， ， 0.4% respectively. There were 13 kinds of occupational hazard factors in the workplace of metal products industry all of which （ ） exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The exposure rate 56.7% of occupational hazard factors in workers was the highest. Conclusion ， ， The main occupational hazard factors were noise dust and chemical factor and the major occupational hazard industry was metal manufacturing in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City.
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Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of inferior alveolar nerve injury (IANI) after surgical removal of the mandibular third molars (M3) and present a new risk scoring system to predict the probability of IANI. Methods: Patients who underwent extraction of M3 in the Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from April 2017 to December 2019 were involved. The investigators enrolled a sample composed of 949 mandibular third molars. Prediction model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of gender, age, M3, inferior alveolar canal (IAC), and the contact between M3 and IAC, to assess the risk factors of IANI. Combined with the risk factors determined by the outcomes of prediction model, the risk scoring system was constructed. The diagnostic performance of each cut-off score was examined to conduct a risk stratification of IANI risk scores. The predictive ability and reliability of the model were evaluated. Results: In prediction model, twenty nine cases (4.4%, 29/664) experienced postoperative IANI. Number of root (P<0.01), depth of impaction (P<0.05), contact between M3 and IAC (P<0.01) and their contact position (P<0.05) were statistically significant as contributing risk factors of IANI. Specifically, the incidence of temporary IANI was higher in those who aged under 25 years (P<0.001), while female suffer more permanent injury (P<0.05). Based on the IANI risk scoring system, patients were stratified into low-risk, middle-risk and high-risk groups at cutoff scores of 3 and 4. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the risk scoring system were 0.81 [95%CI (0.70-0.90), P=0.002] and 0.80 [95%CI (0.68-0.92), P=0.007] towards good discrimination. Conclusions: Age, gender, number of root, depth of impaction, and contact between M3 and IAC were risk factors of IANI. IANI risk scoring system might help in preoperative assessment, recognition of high-risk cases and decision-making to reduce IANI.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Mandible/surgery , Mandibular Nerve , Molar, Third/surgery , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Trigeminal Nerve Injuries/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering technology relies on biomaterial scaffolds as supporting structures for tissue repair and regeneration. Among these biological scaffolds, electrospun fiber scaffolds have been widely applied in regenerative medicine owing to their mimicry of the natural structure of extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current application of electrospun aligned nanofibers in the field of tissue engineering. METHODS: Relevant articles included in PubMed from January 2010 to March 2020 were searched by the first author, with key words of “electrospinning; aligned nanofibers; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; bioactive materials” in English. Relevant articles included in CNKI and Wanfang database from January 2010 to March 2020 were searched with key words of “electrospinning; aligned nanofibers; oriented fiber; tissue engineering; tissue regeneration” in Chinese. Finally, 67 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Electrospinning is a simple and effective technology for the preparation of nanomaterials. In recent years, many kinds of natural materials or polyester materials with good biocompatibility and biodegradability have been prepared into electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with different structures by electrospinning technology, which are widely used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and other fields. Among them, the electrospun oriented nanofiber scaffolds, inspired by the highly directional characteristics of natural extracellular matrix, have highly consistent fiber arrangement direction, which can promote cell adhesion and migration through contact guidance, and the combination with cells or growth factors can further promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and ultimately achieve tissue regeneration in nerve, myocardium, tendon and bone tissue. In the field of regeneration and wound healing, it has great potential and wide application prospect.
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Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule(MPMN)is a rare respiratory disease with no specific clinical manifestations and requires bronchial or percutaneous lung biopsy for diagnosis.Here we report a case of an old male patient with recurrent cough and sputum as the main manifestations,which failed to be cured by antibiotic.His chest computed tomography showed a mass-like tumorous lesion located in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe,and the pathological diagnosis by percutaneous lung biopsy confirmed MPMN with lung infection.At the same time,we reviewed 34 cases to summarize the clinical data,pathological manifestation,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of MPMN.
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Humans , Male , Lung , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate epidemiological characteristics and trends of five sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City， and to provide evidence for the development of control strategies. Methods:Data of five STDs from 2012 to 2019 in Gongshu District were collected and then analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results:In 2012－2019， a total of 9 767 STD cases were reported in Gongshu， with an average incidence rate of 218.35 per 100 000. The overall incidence rate of STD tended to decline over years （χ2=82.60，P<0.001）.The areas with high incidence were mainly Xiangfu sub-district， Shangtang sub-district and Daguan sub-district with a total of 4 136 cases， accounting for 42.34%.The occupations with the highest proportion were business service （35.89%）， worker （19.03%）， household work and unemployment （15.94%）. Latent syphilis was the main stage of syphilis， which increased at an average annual rate of 14.08%. The proportion of primary syphilis and secondary syphilis decreased over years， with the average annual reduction rate of 36.86% and 18.77%， respectively. The average annual incidence of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in females （100.03 per 100 000） was higher than that in males （31.88 per 100 000）.The average annual incidence of condyloma acuminatum in males （24.68 per 100 000） was higher than that in females （16.80 per 100 000）.The average annual incidence of gonorrhea in males （75.41 per 100 000） was higher than that in females （13.06 per 100 000）. Conclusion:The incidence of five STDs in Gongshu District is effectively controlled. It warrants health education， behavioral intervention， STD screening， and standardized diagnosis and treatment services for high-risk groups in high-risk areas to control the epidemic of STDs. Gender differences in reported incidence of condyloma acuminatum， gonorrhea and genital chlamydia trachomatis infection may be reduced by strengthening outpatient health education and optimizing laboratory examinations.
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Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors of smoking tendency of adolescents and to analyze the influence of e-cigarette on smoking tendency of teenagers and the possible interaction, to provide evidence for tobacco control measures.@*Methods@#Stratified multistage cluster probability sampling method was used to select 6 178 students from junior middle school, high school and vocational high school students in Shanghai for questionnaire survey from September to October 2019. Students with smoking tendency were taken as case group, adolescents with same sex and similar age(within 1 year) were mathed in 1∶3 ratio. A total of 631 adolescents with smoking tendency and 1 870 non-smoking tendency were included in the study. Conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors and possible interactions.@*Results@#After adjusting gender, age and other covariates, conditional Logistic analysis results showed that the smoking tendency of middle school students was associated with factors such as their friends smoking, trying cigarettes and trying e-cigarettes. The OR value and 95%CI were 3.26(2.47-4.29), 5.90(3.76-9.24), and 3.28(2.11-5.10), respectively. The interaction analysis results showed that the OR value and 95%CI of the multiplying interaction between friends smoking and trying e-cigarettes, trying smoking and trying e-cigarettes were 8.62(4.90-15.17) and 12.01(6.02-23.95), respectively. There was no additive interaction.@*Conclusion@#Tobacco control interventions, such as e-cigarette harm publicity and peer education, can help to change teenagers smoking tendency and further reduce their tobacco use rate.
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Objective@#To investigate risk perception, emergency preparedness and emergency literacy among medical students under COVID-19 epidemic.@*Methods@#An online survey was conducted by using the self designed COVID-19 questionnaire on risk perception, emergency preparedness and emergency literacy from March 27 to March 30, 2020. The convenience sampling method was used to investigate 4 864 medical students from 2 colleges and technical secondary schools in Sichuan Province.@*Results@#The scores of risk perception, emergency preparedness and emergency literacy associated with COVID-19 were(35.18±4.33)(28.30±4.16) and(25.23±2.97) respectively. Risk perception of medical students was positively correlated with emergency preparedness and emergency literacy(r=0.35, 0.40), emergency preparedness was positively correlated with emergency literacy(r=0.51)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Considering interrelationships among risk perception, emergency preparedness and emergency literacy associated with COVID-19, medical students should be given targeted prevention and control training.
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Objective To evaluate the interactive effects of fine particulate matter and temperature on non-accidental mortality of residents in Pudong, Shanghai. Methods Daily mortality, air pollutants and meteorological data from Jan 1st.2016 to Dec 31st.2017 were collected.Generalized additive Poisson regression models was used to estimate the effects of PM2.5 pollution on daily mortality, bivariate response surface models and temperature stratified models were applied to examine the interaction of temperature with PM2.5 on mortality. Results A total of 43 345 non-accidental deaths were included, daily mean PM2.5 concentration was 39.1 μg/m3, daily mean temperature was 17.7 ℃.A 10 μg/m3 increase in the daily PM2.5 at lag 1 day was associated with a 0.56%(95%CI:0.11%-1.01%), 0.49%(95%CI:-0.19%-1.18%) and 0.22%(95%CI:-1.14%-1.60%) increase in non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, respectively.Higher risks were identified for males and the older (≥65 years).The effect estimates per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in medium temperature level were 0.59%(95%CI:0.04%-1.14%)for non-accidental, 0.51%(95%CI:-0.32%-1.35%)for cardiovascular and 0.51%(95%CI:-0.32%-1.35%) for respiratory mortalities.The PM2.5 effects were approximately 2-4 times higher in higher temperature level for non-accidental and cardiovascular mortalities compared with other temperature levels; for respiratory mortality, the PM2.5 effects was approximately 2-fold higher in lower temperature levels than the medium, although the interactions between temperature and PM2.5 were statistically insignificant. Conclusions Temperature may modify the effects of PM2.5 on mortality in Pudong, Shanghai and the interactive pattern may be different across disease-specific mortalities.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of AdipoRon orally on the functions of spleen and pancreas in type 2 diabetic mice, in order to present data for clinical application.@*METHODS@#Forty C57/BL6 male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=30), the former group was fed normally, while the later group was fed with high fat and sugar for 4 weeks.After that, type 2 diabetes model was established in DM group induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg).As type 2 diabetes model established successfully, the model mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): diabetes mellitus (DM) group, high dose of AdipoRon group (DM + H) and low dose of adiponRon group (DM + L).All the four groups were treated with saline, saline, AdipoRon at the doses of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg by gavages respectively, once a day for 10 days.And then put them to death for collecting blood, pancreas and spleen.Pathological changes of pancreas were observed with a light microscope after HE staining.Protein contents of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1( IRS-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in pancreatic and spleen tissues were detected by ELISA.The protein level of phosphorylation insulin receptor substrate 1(p-IRS-1) in pancreas was determined by Western blot, and the expression of insulin mRNA in pancreas was tested by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Under the light microscope, it was visible that the pancreatic tissue in NC group was full and closely packed, and the islet was big.Pancreatic tissue of DM mice was incompact and the islet of DM mice was smaller than that of normal mice.As for the mice treated with AdipoRon orally, the pancreatic tissue was full and closely arranged, and the islet was slightly smaller.Compared with NC group, the levels of TNF-α in pancreas and spleen of DM group were increased markedly, the levels of INSR and IRS-1 were decreased, the spleen coefficient, p-IR-1 protein level and insulin mRNA expression in pancreas were decreased, all were significant statistically (P＜0.05).Compared with DM group, the levels of TNF-α in pancreas and spleen of AdipoRon groups were decreased, the levels of INSR and IRS-1 in pancreas and spleen of AdipoRon groups were increased, while the spleen coefficient was increased (P＜0.05).The p-IRS-1 protein level and insulin mRNA expression in pancreas in DM+H group were increased (P＜0.05).Compared with DM + L group, the level of TNF-α was decreased, and the levels of INSR and IRS-1 were significantly increased (P＜0.05) in DM + H group (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Oral administration of AdipoRon can protect the spleen and pancreas of diabetic mice by decreasing the inflammatory response, up-regulating the expression of INSR, and increasing p-IRS-1 level in diabetic mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Drug Therapy , Inflammation , Insulin , Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins , Pancreas , Piperidines , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Receptor, Insulin , SpleenABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of adiponin receptor agonist (AdipoRon) on renal injury in type 2 diabetic mice.@*METHODS@#The experiment was carried out on 40 SPF C57/BL6 male mice and they were randomly divided into normal control group (=10) and experimental group (=30). Mice in experimental group were given with high sugar and high fat feed in combination with only an intraperitoneal injection of small dose of streptozotocin to build the model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which were randomly divided into three groups, model control group (DM), low dose AdipoRon group (DM + L) and high dose AdipoRon group (DM+H)(=10). Then the change of blood glucose was detected. The serum levels of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice were measured by ELASA. Pathological changes of renal tissues were observed with a light microscope after HE staining. The expressions of pancreatic duodenal homebox-1 (PDX-1) and insulin mRNA in renal tissues were detected by RT-PCR. The content of phosphated insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1) protein in the kidney was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with DM mice, blood glucose and TNF-α levels in DM + H mice and DM + L mice were significantly reduced (<0.05), while the expressions of INSR,IRS-1 and the content of p-IRS-1 were increased markedly(<0.05), and the expressions of PDX-1 and insulin mRNA in renal tissue were increased significantly(<0.05, <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mice treated with AdipoRon have lower blood glucose and TNF-α levels, and higher protein expression levels of INSR, IRS-1, and higher mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 and insulin, and the content of p-IRS-1. All of these indicate that AdipoRon has a certain effects on renal injury in type 2 diabetic mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Kidney , PiperidinesABSTRACT
Objective To assess the image quality (IQ) of an iterative reconstruction (IR) technique(sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction,SAFIRE) for upper limb intravascular fistula CT angiography on a second generation dual-source CT scanner and determine the optimal dose level using IR with IQ comparable to filtered back projection(FBP).Methods The experiment was a prospective study.A total of 150 patients were averagely divided into 5 groups to perform upper limb intravascular fistula CT angiography.The control group was scanned with conventional tube output (120 kV,110 mAs) and images were reconstructed with FBP.The tube current of the other 4 groups (reconstructed with SAFIRE) was successively reduced to 70％,60％,50％ and 40％ of that of control group.Quantitative measurements of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were obtained in two regions of interest (ROI) in each group.The ROIs were placed at the subclavian artery near shoulder joint,and the stoma of radial artery and cephalic vein.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparisons of objective evaluation parameters (SNR,CNR) and radiation dose (CTDIvol,DLP,E) among 5 groups.Two radiologists graded IQ in a blinded fashion on a 4-point scale (4-excellent,3-good,2-fair and 1-poor).The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was performed for detection of differences in subjective evaluation of IQ among groups.Results The radiation doses of groups 77,66,55 and 44 mAs were 70％,55％,40％ and 25％ of the control group respectively.The differences of SNR and CNR among groups 77,66,44 mAs and the control group were statistically significant in ROI1 (F =24.018,20.386,P ＜ 0.05),SNR and CNR of group 77 and 66 mAs were higher than the control group while group 44 mAs was lower.The difference of SNR and CNR among group 55 mAs and the control group was not statistically significant in ROI1 (P ＞ 0.05).The differences of SNR and CNR among groups 77,66,55 mAs and the control group were statistically significant in ROI2 (F =15.934,13.818,P ＜ 0.05),and groups 77,66 and 55 mAs had higher SNR and CNR.The difference of SNR and CNR between group 44 mAs and the control group was not statistically significant in ROI2 (P ＞ 0.05).Groups 77,66,55 mAs and the control group had higher scores of the subjective IQ (≥ 3) which was descended in group 44 mAs.The differences of contrast,sharpness,noise and general impression of images among the 5 groups were statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test(H =10.268,14.542,15.840,11.014,P ＜ 0.05).Using the criterion of excellent IQ(score 4),the ROC curve of dose levels and IQ acceptability established a reduction of 60％ of effective dose [Group 55 mAs:(3.545 ± 1.396) mSv] as an optimum cutoff point (AUC:0.844,95％ CI:0.705-0.982).Conclusions Iterative reconstruction technique could provide a dose reduction to 40％ (3.545 mSv) compared with the filtered back projection in upper limb intravascular fistula CT angiography without reducing equivalent image quality.
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Objective To in silico clone the NAD1 gene of three common parasites and analyze their bioinformatics,so as to lay the foundation for further research on the NAD gene. Methods By using the in silico cloning method,the full length cDNA (s)of NAD 1 genes of Clonorchis sinensis,Ascaris lumbricoides and Schistosoma japonicum were got,then their physical and chemical properties,compositions of amino acids,subcellular localizations,binary and ternary structures were contrastively an-alyzed.Results The three kinds of NAD1 proteins were similar in the relative molecular weight,subcellular localization,and physical and chemical properties.The NAD1 proteins were highly similar in binary and ternary structures of A.lumbricoides and S.japonicum.The phylogenetic analysis showed that C.sinensis,A.lumbricoides and S.japonicum belonged to the different evolu-tionary branches with a certain of genetic distance. Conclusion The three NAD1 genes got from C.sinensis,A.lumbricoides and S.japonicum by in silico cloning belong to the same gene of different species,which can be widely used in the researches of heritable variation of parasites.
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Objective To assess the utility of single fiber EMG (SFEMG)in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism associated with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG)and Graves ophthalmopathy.Methods SFEMG was performed in orbicularis oculi muscle of 2 groups of patients.including 32 patients with hyperthyroidism associated with OMG,and 35 patients with Graves ophthalmopathy.The parameters of SFEMG between different groups were compared.Results The mean jitter was (96.2 ± 23.7),(42.8 ± 12.6)μs in hyperthyroidism associated with OMG and patients with Graves Orbitopathy. M50of the percentage of jitter ＞55 μs was 92% and 5% in the 2 groups respectively.M50of the percentage of block was 25% and 0 in the 2 groups respectively.Fiber density was (1.9 ± 0.4)and (1.7 ± 0.5)in the 2 groups respectively.There was significant difference in those parameters of SFEMG between the patients in 2 groups(t＝15.56,Z＝9.26,Z＝7.35,all P＜0.01).Conclusion SFEMG of orbicularis oculi muscle shows significantly increased jitter and block in hyperthyroidism associated with OMG,which can help to differentiate hyperthyroidism associated with OMG from Graves ophthalmopathy.
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OBJECTIVE To compare the species difference of T-2 toxin metabolism in liver micro-somes of different animals. METHODS T-2 toxin was incubated with liver microsomes from mice, rats,Beagle dogs, monkeys and humans, respectively, at 37℃ for some time. Then, the incubation liquid was detected by high liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method after albumen precipitation. RESULTS The half-life (t1/2) of T-2 toxin was less than 1 min, 2-4 min in mouse and monkey liver microsomes, 13 min in dog liver microsomes, and 39 min in rat liver microsomes. The hepatic clear-ance (Clh) of T-2 toxin was divided into three groups among the five species of animals:humans, dogs and rats were in one group, monkeys a second group, and mice in another group. The Clh of mouse group was 3-4 times that of the human, dog and rat group. The affinity to T-2 toxin was different between the liver microsomes of these five species. The affinity of mouse liver microsomes was the strongest, followed by that of humans, dogs, rats and monkeys. The enzyme transfer rate of T-2 toxin was the highest in monkey liver microsomes followed by that of rats and dogs. It was one million times higher in monkey liver microsomes than in human and mouse liver microsomes. The major metabolites were 3′-hydroxyl-T-2 toxin and neosolaniol. T-2 triol and HT-2 toxins were the major metabolites in human and rat liver microsomes. HT-2 toxin and 3′-OH-T-2 toxin were the dominating metabolites in dog liver microsomes and T-2 triol and 3′-OH-T-2 toxin in mouse liver microsomes. T-2 toxin metabolited by hydrolysis effect in mouse, rat, dog and human liver microsomes, but through hydroxylation in monkey liver microsomes. CONCLUSION There are species differences in metabolic parameters, metabolites, amounts of metabolites, metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsomes.
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Objective To investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of sulphur mustard on DNA damage of human immortalized epidermal keratinocytes (HacaT cells).Methods The inhibitory effect of sulphur mustard on the proliferation of HacaT cells was detected by CCK-8 method.The apoptosis index of cells was measured by Annexin V-FITC method.The effects of sulphur mustard on DNA damage were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The proliferation rate of HacaT cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with sulphur mustard for 24 h (IC50 value was 121 mol/L).The apoptotic and comet tailing rates of cells treated with sulphur mustard also increased in a dose-dependent manner.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were changed after treatment with sulphur mustard.Conclusion Sulphur mustard has significant cytotoxic effect on HacaT cells,and can induce apoptosis and DNA damage.In addition,ATM-P53-γH2AX-PARP signaling pathway plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard.
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Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors of central venous catheter (CVCs) infections, and to explore the prophylaxis and treatment for catheter-related infections. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. The patients with CVCs admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2000 to December 2016 were enrolled. The gender, age, catheter data and microorganism culture results of all patients were collected. The infection rate and the incidences of CVCs infection per 1 000 catheter days were calculated. The risk factors of CVCs infection were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results 1 160 patients were enrolled in 17 years [male 915, female 245, age 7-98 years, mean (71.8±17.5) years]. The incidences of CVCs infection per 1 000 catheter days were descended every 3 years (cases/1 000 days: 21.87, 24.50, 19.95, 12.64, 16.34, 12.40, χ2=38.851, P = 0.000). Of the 1 160 patients, 375 were positive for catheter culture, and 397 strains were cultured, among which 173 strains (43.58%) were Gram negative (G-), 130 strains (32.74%) of Gram positive (G+), and 94 strains of fungi (23.68%). Non-fermenting bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.59%, Acinetobacter baumannii 8.82%) was predominant in the G- bacteria, followed by Enterobacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae 8.06%, Escherichia coli 2.02%); Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus epidermidis 11.84%, Staphylococcus aureus 5.29%) was the main species of G+bacteria; the main fungi were Candida tropicalis (9.07%) and Candida albicans (5.79%). The catheter infection rate of internal jugular vein, femoral vein and subclavian vein were 36.07% (22/61), 35.52% (119/335), 30.63% (234/764) respectively (χ2=2.275, P = 0.099), the incidence of catheter infection of three vein insertion sites per 1 000 catheter days were 18.00, 17.71, 17.08 cases/1 000 days respectively (χ2= 0.034, P = 0.714). The mean placement time of infected CVCs in situ was longer than that of non-infected CVCs (days: 20.80±11.68 vs. 17.64±10.77, t = 4.417, P = 0.000).The positive rate was lowest during 1-7 days of indwelling time (19.87%, 30/151). The infection rate was increased with long indwelling time. The positive rate was 44.44% (68/153) as indwelling time was over 30 days. The infection rate was significantly positively related to indwelling time (χ2= 22.849, P = 0.000). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the infection risk of femoral vein catheter was increased [odds ratio (OR) = 1.362, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.030-1.801, P = 0.030] as compared with that of subclavian vein catheter; the infection risk was increased with long indwelling time (OR = 1.306, 95%CI = 1.177-1.480, P = 0.000). Conclusions G- are the major pathogens of CVCs infection. Femoral vein catheter and long indwelling time are the risk factors of CVCs infection.
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Septic shock is a life threatening healthcare problem .Initial resuscitation based on antimicrobials therapy in early stage is vital.Of note, the recent trials show that excessive fluid resuscitation would increase mortality .Thus"appropriate"goals direct-ed resuscitation is crucial to effective therapy in septic shock .In this review, we will focus on goals of septic shock resuscitation from views of hemodynamics to cells and organs .
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To analyze the epidemiology,genetic variation and genetic evolution of coxsackievirus A4 (CVA4) in patients with hand,foot and mouth disease in Fujian,the virus isolates were molecular typed and amplified the whole VP1 region by RT-PCR,then the genetic variation and evolution were studied.The results showed that 33 CVA4 cases (8.1％) were confirmed from the 407 non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD cases in Fujian Province during 2011 and 2014,accounting for 31 cases in 2012 and 2 cases in 2014.Compared with common characteristics of the HFMD epidemic,no specificity in the distribution of CVA4 cases was found between gender and age groups.Sequence analysis of VP1 nucleotide sequences of Fujian CVA4 isolates showed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences similarity were 92.6 ％-100 ％ and 95.7 ％-100 ％ respectively,low similarity with the prototype (83.7％-85.4％,96.1％-99.0％) and abroad isolates (82.1％-89.1％,90.4％-99.6％) both in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,high similarity with domestic isolates both in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,with the similarity of 87.9％ 99.2 ％ and 96.1％-100 ％.The results from phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic distance between Fujian CVA4 isolates and the prototype and abroad strains was far,and the genetic distance was close to domestic isolates in China.The distribution of the phylogenetic trees of Fujian CVA4 strains showed multiple branches.Therefore,CVA4 is the major HFMD associated-pathogen other than EV71,CVA 16,CVA6,and CVA10 in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2014.CVA4 strains from Fujian Province is co-circulating and co-evolving with other domestic isolates.There is existence of multiple closely related CVA4 transmission chains in various regions of Fujian.
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Septic shock is a life threatening healthcare problem .Initial resuscitation based on antimicrobials therapy in early stage is vital.Of note, the recent trials show that excessive fluid resuscitation would increase mortality .Thus"appropriate"goals direct-ed resuscitation is crucial to effective therapy in septic shock .In this review, we will focus on goals of septic shock resuscitation from views of hemodynamics to cells and organs .